Receiving apparatus.



H. SHOEMAKER.

RECEIVING APPARATUS. APILIOATIOI mum 1:20.11, 1900. nnnwnn snr'r. so, 1010.

974,927. Patented Nov. 8, 1910.

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sTATES-PATE T OFFICE- e mana'rus. j

s ecimen or n w new. i Patented, Nov. 8, 1910.

Appltcatloajlel nae-m 11,1000, Io. 341,212. Renewed September 30; 19101 Serial in. 584,703.

It all whom it may concern."

Be it known that I, IIARRY SHOEMAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at JerseyCit, in the county of Hudson and State of flew Jersey, have invented a new and useful Receiving A paratus, of which the. following is a specid cation.

My invention .relates to electrical signaling systems and more particularly to a system for transmitting signals or m through space by means of clectro-radiar energy.

I the receiving ap ratus in such a system (536cc the rendering of the:

and, has for its receiving apparatus more sensitive or more responsive to weak si ials coming from t distances; To "this end I generate at t e .recei apparatus high frequency ener of sultable'stre V or di erent characteristics of the weak electro-radian't energy arriving from distant stations.

-' I have found that when e mployin receiving apparatus, especially when invo ving a self-rest wave-responsive device, that signals soweak as to be incapable. of sufliciently influencing the wave-responsive device, or even when so weak as not to' be heard at all, become very easily readable or manifest if the wave-responslve device he acted uponby other electro-radiant or. high frequency en even. though of much greater wer n the extrcmel weak signals. at the true theor of t e action week signs ,responsive device into action and that other I am now. unable to state, ut it is m belief that theelectro-radiant energy of e very la is insu'flicient to call the wave- .electro-radiant or high frequency energy brings the wave-res sensitive orresponsive condition; and then the very weak signals are'able toprodu'ce an efiect. In any event, the very weak signals are readable through whatever efl'ects the other electro-radiant or high frequency energy may'cause. I have found that signals otherwise unreadable become immediately readable and manifest when a transmitting apparatus, even when located in the same room with the receiving apparatus, is

set into operation." And tho h the energy produced by the local transmitter produced signals in the receiver, yetthe wave-responh having the same.

nsive device into more sive device seemed to have ained in sensidistance were easil readable in spite of the transmitter operating in the vicinity-of the distant station.

For. an illustration-of several of the forms my invention may take reference is to. be

'tiveness and the weak signa' s from a'greathad to the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 represents 1n diagram :1 simple receiving apparatus with which, there is caused to cooperate a local producer of hi h frequency energy, the wave-responsive evice beiligfill this-case a primary cell de-.

tector. g. 2 is a-diagrammatic viewsimilar Fig. 1', except that the wave-respon'sive device i's-of any other suitable type, such,

for example, as requires a local battery.

Fig.7 3 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view illustrating a modified form of local transmitter or producer ofhigh'fleq'uency energy. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a further modification of a local producerof high frequenc energy. Fig. 5is' a diagrammatie view i1 ustrating a tuned or selective receiving apparatus-in .conjunction'with a -local'producer of high frequency energy, the

circuit arrangements being such as to select the electro-radiant energy coming from a distance without, however,' losing the advantageous effect of the localproducer of highfrequency energy. Fig.v 6 is, a diagrammatlc view illustratin my invention as appliedto a looped aeria conductor along with selective .ap ar'atu's. Fig. 7 illustrates diagrammatica 1y my invention as employing acircuit selective ofwave train or s ark freque'ncy, the local producer of high e uency energy having a wave train or spar frequency difierent from that of the distant sta- -t1on. I

Referring to Fig. 1, A represents an aerialconductor between which andt'he earth con} nection E is connected a prima cell wavermponsive device or detector consisting of the vessel v, preferably of insulating ma terial, conta' the jcell excitant f in liquidor other su-ltablefform. Z is a zinc or other suitable cellelement. The other cell I the glass tu element is a small conductor, of platinum. or other suitable material, sealed in the lower endv of the lass tube t, the conductor P and he t being ground off so that the end section only of the conductor P is exposed to the. cell excitant f. A copper or other suitable wire 0 forms an external coiinection for the conductor P. A signaltranslating instrument T, .such as a telephone receiver, either magneto or condenser, a relay, galvanometer, siphon recorder, or other suit-.

.able device, is connected .directly to the elements of the prima I cell detector. 7 As thus far 'descri ed, the apparatus forms normally sensitive receiving ap aratiis for wireless telegraphy and is capa le of indicating in the instrument T signals coming from great distances.

Torender the apparatus, and especially the wave-res onsive evice, over-sensitive,so as to respon to very weak signals and ordinarily not manifested in theinstrument T,

combine with the receiving apparatus thus far described a local producer of high frequency energy. Such producer comprises the usual induction coil or transformer having the rimary winding p and the secondary win 'ng a. Included inthe circuit of the primary p is the usual interrupter I which may be a Wehnelt interrupter) and the source of ener B.- At a and b are shown terminals 0 this rimary circuit which are adapted to be bridged to set the apparatus in operation whenever it is desired to receiveniessages. These contacts a and b may preferably be bridged by a con:

.tact b actuated by the arm of a switch which disconnects the transmitter and throws the emplo ed. The adjustable inductance L isprovi ed in case the conductor or coil vC does,

not give the circuit suflicient inductance. v D represents a loop of one or more turns in the aerial conductor. -The coil or conductor C is placed at suitable distance from are bot the 100 D and the coil 0 and the logs D or either one of them pivo that the plane of the coil C may be made pzi'allel with the plane of the loop D or may made to assume any other angular position. This adjustment serves, with a 'ven state of afiairs, to increase ordiinini the amount of high frequency energy locally imp upon .the wave-responsive device -W. Furthermore, the distance between the coil C and the loop D may be adjustable tector, carbon, or carbon an within wide limits to secure proper strength of energy locally impressed upon the wave res nsive device. v

- en the receiver switch is closed, the contacts-a, ,b, are bridged by I) and the interrupter in the primary circuit be ins its action in the'well known manner. he secondary ener is then supplied to the oscillatin circuit including the condenser VK, coil inductance L, and spark gap g. The natural period of the'circuit may be ad-' justed to an desired value by varyin either L or V K, .or both, ina manner we understood in the art. The natural lperiod of the high frequency energy local y impressed'upon the wave-responsive device W may, therefore, be made equal to, greater than, or less tlian the frequency of the weak energy coming from the distant station.

And by choosing a suitable interrupter I, or suitabl adjusting it, the wave train or s ark .uency may be made equal to, less t an, or greater than the spark frequency or wave train frequency of the distant station.

- It is tobe understood that a loop D is not absolutely essential, for it may be dispensed with entirely and the local producer simply placed near the receiving apparatus, in which case the ex osed connecting wires or connections may be sufficient to impress a requisite amount of locally generated energy upon the wave-responsivedevice. The 100 D may be placed, if desired, in conductor above the wave-responsive device W.

In Fig. 2 the arts are the same as in Fig. 1, the local pro ucer bein omitted, it being understood that any of t e local producers herein described or any of the improvements thereof, may be-used in connection with the circuits shown in this fi re, except that a wave-responsive device I of any other ty e than a primary cell maybe employed, as, f dr example, such as requires a local battery F.

It is to be understood that myinvention is not limited to the employment of a primary cell detector, as any other form of wave-responsive device, preferabl the selfrestoring types, may be employer Thus a Ferrie detector, magnetic h steresis demetal, etc., may be employed.

Referring to Fig. 3, there is shown a local producer similar to that shown in Fig. 1,

exce t that in the circuit of the primary 1) of t e transformer a generator G of alternating or fluctuating currents isused in place of a source and an interrupter and there is included, if desired, an -adjustable I resistance or inductance R. as means for properly raduating the strength of the energy developed. The frequency of the generator G may be chosen so that the spark frequency or wave train frequency shall equa to, greater than, or less than the wave train orspark gap frequency of thedistant station whose signals areto be re- 'ceived.

phone receiver T, as for example, 10,000

cycles per second, more or less. On the whole, it is of advantage, though not imperative, that the wave train or s ark fre- 1K pared with the wave train or spar the local are represented terminals of the as comp frequency of the distant station, so t at the wave-responsive device will be eversensitive or more nearly constantly sensitive for the reception of t e wave trains of slower que'ncy of the local producer be higg freguency coming from the distant station. an

simultaneously with this dissimilarity or spark gap orwa-ve train frequency the wave frequency ma be chosen equal to, greater than, or less t an the wave frequency of the distant station. It is of advantage, though not imperative, that the wave frequency of reducer be much lower than that radiated rom the distant station. That is, the length of the wave produced by. the local producer is preferably lon of the wave produced at t e distant station.

Referring to Fig. 4, a local producer is shown in which high spark gap or wave train fr uency is obtained by the use-of an additiona oscillation circuit. At (1 and e ri'mary p of the transformer whose secondary is a. By means of these terminals, the primary 1 ma be connected in a' circuit such as shown inig. 1 and Fig. 3, that is with a source of energy and suitable interrupter such as a Wehneltinterrupter or with a neratorv as G. A spark gap h is connect across the terminals of the secondary s and with the variable condenser VK', primary 1; and ad just-able inductance L, forms an oscillation circuit whose natural period determines the spark gap or wave train frequency of the succeeding circuit. By adjusting VK' or L, or both of them, this frequency may be determined within wide limits and in eneral may be very high, such as 10,000 cyc es per second, more or less. The secondary s is bridged by the spark gap g, and such ga with the variable condenser VK, the coil and the adjustable inductance L forms an.

oscillation circuit whose natural period determines the natural period of the waves lproduced, and the period may be chosen as eretofore described. Inclosing all of this.

apparatus, except the 'coilC, there is preferably a metallic box or casing M which will then prevent any complicated influences upon t 1e wave-responsive device as, for example, from the spark gap I! and its circuits and connections.

In Fig. 5 there is included between the aerial conductor and earth connection E, an

. inductance L variable by the riders r, 'r' as r than the length tion of the inductance L, forms a closed cir .cu'it. By adjusting the riders named and by adjusting l, and vk, the circuit is made highly selective of the received electro-radiantenergy. A wave-responsive device W, here again shown as a primary cell, though not necessarily so, is connected in shunt to the vcondenser vk, through the preferably smaller variable condenser v0, and the signal translating instrument T is connected in shuntto the wave-responsive device W.

Connected in shunt to the smaller variable condenser '00, is a circuit including the loop The local I) and the variable inductance l. producer is represented merely by the coil 0. By suitably adjusting the inductance Z, and by making the adjustments heretofore mentioned, the wave-responsive device is kept sensitive by the local producer roducing waves of preferably a widely length from the waves of the received energy, the disposition being such that while the wave-responsive device is acted u the locally produced energy, it is so disposed as to be selectively acted upon by the received electro-radiant energy.-

Referring to Fig. 6, A represents a looped aerial conductor. L is a variable inductance and VK is afvari-able condenser. VC is also capacity than VK. The wave-responsive 'deviceVV is connected to'the terminals of 'VK 'throu 11 VC.

Andthe'loo D" isconnected in ooped aerial A. W iile the loop, D" has been shown so connectedit may also be placed in any other suitable position in the aerial conductor or in the associated circuits or conductors.

In Fig. 7, the wave-responsive device is shown connected between the aerial conductor and earth with the loop at D or.above nected to the signal translating instrument T. By properly adjusting the condensers and inductances the signal translating instrume nt has selected to it very sharply only impulses equal to or corresponding with the 'wave train or spark gap frequency of tlie distant transmitter or received energy. The

local producer in such case preferably produces energy whose wave train or spark gap frequency is widely different from that of the 'distantstation, so that, while the waveresponsive. device W is made sensitive by the locally produced energy the response of the wave-responsive device to such locally produced energy isnot manifested in the signal translating instrument.

While I have here shown a few of the dispositions that may be employed, it is to be.

understood that the. wave-responsive device may be of any suitable character and maybe either connected conductively or inductively with the receiving aerial circuit-or conductor, and that in place of a producer having closed oscillation circuit, the local producer may be ofthe open circuit type.

While a local producer or transmitter is hereshown, it is to be understood that the energy which it emits for use in this invention is very slight only and very small indeed in comparison with the power or used to transmit energy to a distant station.

While the loops, as D, D, D, are shown in certain positions in the drawings, it is to be understood that such loop may be disposed either above or below the detector in.

the aerial conductor, or at any point in a looped aerial conductor, or at any point in the conductors 'or circuits associated With an 0 en or looped or other aerial conductor.

atIclaimis:

1. In .a signaling system, receiving appa- 'ratus com using a wave-responsive device of norma tion with a local roducer of high frequency impulses for ren ering said wave-responsive device over-sensitive. I

2. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus com rising a self-restorin wave-responsive evice of normal sensitiveness associated with means for reproducing a signal, in combination with a local producer of high frequency oscillations for rendering said wave-responsive device over-sensitive.

3. In a si aling system, receiving apparatus comprlsing a receiving conductor or circuit, a wave-res onsive device of normal 'sensitiveness associated with means for reproducing. asignal, and means for producmg local y render said wave-responsive device oversensitive.

4. In a si aling system, receiving apparatus comprising a receivirf circuit or conproducing a signal, and means for impressmg upon said wave-responsive device locally ductor, a wave-responsive vice of normal sensitlveness assoclated with means for regenerated high frequency oscillations for sensitive.

rendering sai wave-responsive device over- 5. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a receiving conductor or circuit, an electro-chemical wave-re onsive device associated therewith, a translating instrument,v and means for impressing sensitiveness associated with means for reproduclng a signal, 1n combinahigh frequency oscillations to upon said wave-responsive device locally generated high frequency oscillations.

'6. In a signaling system, receiving appa-' ratus comprlsmgareceivin circult or cou- 7. In a. signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a receiving conductor on circuit, a wave-responslve devlce associated with means for reproducing a signal and means for impressm upon said wave-responsive device localy produced highfre quency oscillations, thecup frequenc of said locally produced oscillations being igh as compared with the wave train frequency of the received energy. 8. In asi aling system, receiving apparatus comprising a receiving circuit or conductor, a wave-responsive device of normal sensitiveness associated with means for reproducing a signal and means for impressmg upon said wave-responsive device for (rendering the same over-sensitive locally produced high frequency oscillations of a frequency different from the frequency of the received energy.

9. In a signaling system, receiving appa-. ratus compr sing a receivin circuit or conductor, a wave-responsive evice of normal sensitiveness associated with means for reproducing a signal and means for impressmg upon said wave-responsive device for renderin the same vover-sensitive locally nerate highxfrequency oscillations of a requency less than the frequency of the received energy.

'10. In a signaling system, reeeiving 'a paratus comprising av receiving circuit or conductor, a wave-responsive device ass o-. ciated with means for reproducing a signal and means for impressing upon said waveresponsive device locally generated highfrequency oscillations having a group frequency and frequency different from the wave train frequency andfrequency of the received. energy.

11. In a signaling system, receiving appa- 1 ratus comprising a receivin circuit'or conductor, a wave-responsive evice associated with means for reproducing a signal and means for IIIIPI'BSSIHF upon said wave-responsive device local y generated high frequency oscillations of a grou frequency greater than the wave train the received energyand of afrequency less than the frequency of the received energy.

12. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a receiving circuit or conrequency' of ductor, a wave-responsive device of normal sensitiveness associated with means for reproducing a signal and capable of simultaneous response to effects caused by a plurality of sources ofenergy, and means for impressing upon said wave-responsive device locally generated high frequency oscillations for rendering the same oversensitive.

13. In a signaling system, receiving'apparatus comprising a receiving conductor or circuit, a wave-responsive device of normal sensitiveness associated therewith, a signal translating instrument, means for selecting to said signal translating instrument the signals produced at a distant station, and means for impressing upon said wave-responsive device locally generated high frequency oscillations for rendering the same over-sensitive.

14. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a. receiving circuit or conductor, a wave-res )onsive device associated therewith, a signal translating instrument, said signal translating instrument being associated with a circuit or circuits selective of impulses having a frequency equal to or corresponding with the wave train frequency of the received energy, and means for imductor, a Wave-responsive device of normal sensitiveness associated with means for I reproducing a signal,-and means for subimpulses other than efl'ects caused jecting said wave-responsive device to locally produced high frequency impulses, whereby said wave-responsive device is rendered over-sensitive.

16. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a receiving circuit or confor reproducing 'a signal, in combination with means 'for subjecting said wave-responsive device, for rendering the same oversensitive, to the efiects of high fre uency y received energy.

18'.*In a signaling system, receiving apparatus com rising a wave-responsive device of norma tion with means for subjecting said wavesensitivei'iess associated .with means for reproducing a signal, in combineresponsive device, for rendering the same over-sensitive, to high frequency energy ergy other than received energy.

20. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a wave-responsive device of normal sensitiveness associated with -means for reproducing a' signal, in combination responsive' device, for rendering the same over-sensitive, to the effects of high frequency oscillations produced at; the same st-atio 22. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a wave-responsive device of normal sensitive-noes associated with means for reproducing a signal, in combination with means for continuously subjecting said wave-responsive device, for rendering the same over-sensitive, l to the effects of fluctuating energy generated at the same station. 4

23. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising a wave-responsive device consisting of an electro-chemical source of energy, in combination with means for subjecting said wave-responsive device to high frequency energy 0t er than received energy.

24. In a signaling system, receiving appa ratus comprising a wave-responswedevme consisting of a primary cell, in combination with means for subjecting said cell to the effects of high'frequency energy locally produced.

25. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprising an electro-chemmal cell wave-responsive device of normal sensit veness associated with means for reproducing a signal, in combination with means for subjecting said wave-responsive device, for rendering the same over-sensitive, to the efi'ects oflocally generated high frequency energy.

26. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus comprisin a wave-responsive device of normal sensitiveness, in combination with means for subjecting said wave-responsive device, for rendering the same over-sensitive, to the eflects of high frequency energy other than received ene'r and different in character from said received energy.

27. In a signaling system, receiving apparatus com using a wave-responsive devlce,

uoer of hi h fre g1ency impulses or ren ering sa d del'atus comprising an electro-chemical cell as a wave-responsive device, in combination with means far subjecting said cell to the effects of high frequency impulses other than the v received energy M 30. In a signaling system, receiving appa ratus comprising an electro-chemical cell as a wave-responsive device, in combination with means for subjecting said cell to the ef fects of high frequency oscillations other than the received energy.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto af-' fixed my signature in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

HARRY SHOEMAKER. Witnesses;

JAMES M. SAwYEn, A. D. KNEUPER. 

